This is a thread in which we can discuss evolution, probability, and God. Species, or its members, change in themselves and in their offspring. The future we will discover but the past is remembered only by the sciences. Mutations happen only to individuals. A species doesn't exist. So if, just for example, a cat was to evolve into a dog through a long line of other individuals descended from the cat, each mutation would happen randomly to one or more of the group. And what are the odds that this mutation would happen across the group? So we have a mutation and this individual(s) has to survive and and reproduce, keeping the mutation alive. This new feature of the group is kept for the same reason it saved the first member: survival. But then the process has to happen again latter to one or more of the group where a mutation is advantageous and these members, although with the new mutation, are still not a large group (because how can random mutations happen across a group at once) and they have to survive just as the first mutated members were in the first example. So getting from a single cell to the human race by evolution seems hugely unlikely. Every mutation happens at a point and must survive (lots of small groups along the long long way). So the historical dice was thrown on the planet and an unlikely result occurred. Its no wonder that people think a person (God) was the dice thrower and the game was rigged. There is a large group, then a small that becomes large, then a small again, and onward. Who protected all those small groups from extinction? Now I don't believe this is an argument for God, but I understand how it can be for other people. I realize that if humans do not have real value then one can argue another species could have evolved instead of our unlikely scenario. But if we are just matter, what does it matter what form the matter took for 13 billion years? It's all the same thing. Unless you think humans are unique...