That was one of my points. Particularly in the context of this thread, which (per the 2nd article in the Op) IS about the ontological nature of possibility. Transworld identity is pertinent to that.Kripke’s Theory of Naming thereby avoids any philosophical problems with the ontological nature of essence or identity. — RussellA
That was part of my point: information does not exist in the absence of (an aspect of) consciousness. Characters on a printed page are not intrinsically information; it's only information to a a conscious mind that interprets it- so it's a relational property.If information can exist in the presence or absence of consciousness... — Patterner
Of course, and I agree information is relevant to ongoing mental activity. What I was referring to was understanding the fundamental nature of consciousness - the hardware that produces it. I should have been more clear. Sorry.If a walking robot with a mechanical eye is approaching a cliff, and turns to avoid it, was it because there was information? — Patterner
What is information, in the absence of consciousness? Words on a page have to be interpreted by a conscious mind.consciousness is best understood in terms of information — hypericin
No, that's not what contingent means. Suppose necessitarianism is true. Necessitarianism is the theory that every that event that occurs (past and future) occurred necessarily. IOW there are contingent events and no objects that exists contingently.Sure, all physical things and actions can be understood as "contingent". That means their existence is dependent on causation. — Metaphysician Undercover
I wasn't "defining" possibility, I was discussing the ontology of possibilty - pertinent to the discussion ofUnfortunately your definition of contingency mixes causality and and modality. If it were a definition of determinacy, it would work. — Banno
For those reading along, the standard definition of contingency is roughly just that an event is contingent if it is true in some but not all possible worlds.
This has the great advantage of not involving any notion of causality or temporality. — Banno
when we look to the past and say that Y could have occurred instead of X, this is to project the present into the past, and say that at that time, when that was present, Y could have occurred. But this is a fictitious projection of the present back into the past, which is really not possible to do, go back in time. — Metaphysician Undercover
You're presuming that "real world" human reasoning is somehow beyond duplicating. I don't see any problems at all, because any specific issue you might bring up could be dealt in the design- either in software or hardware. If digital computing seems too "sharp"- analogue computing could be used. However, there really isn't anything an analogue computer can do that couldn't be implemented in software. For example, Artificial Neural Networks engage in the analog process of pattern recognition - and yet, the underlying technology is digital processing.Of course fuzzy logic is algorithmic to some degree or it wouldn't be programmable for digital computers. But it's much more flexible & adaptable to the non-algorithmic real world than sharp line-item programming — Gnomon
Three issues:self-awareness seems to require something a bit beyond just fuzzing the focus : a generalized contextual worldview and an embodied subject. :smile: — Gnomon
Yes. Non-algorithmic Fuzzy Logic*1 is an attempt to make digital computers think more like humans. And it may be necessary for Chat Bots to deal with imprecise human dialog. Yet it reduces the primary advantage of computers : precision & predictability. — Gnomon
He is expressing an opinion, one that I regard as rooted in a lack of imagination.Microprocessor inventor, Federico Faggin says : "There is an unbridgeable gap between artificial and human intelligence, which is characterized by comprehension : a non-algorithmic property of consciousness that is often underestimated and inaccessible to computers" — Gnomon
We seem to be on similar tracks, so far. But I'll expand on this.At the present, looking forward in time, we have real ontological possibilities in relation to what may occur, and this affects our decisions on actions. In this case, "possible worlds" might be acceptable. If we believe in free will, rather than determinism, the possible worlds of the future can have real ontological status, as real possibilities. — Metaphysician Undercover
However, if determinism is not true then there were past contingencies: events in which X occurred, but Y could have occurred instead. This could make it reasonable to consider possible worlds in which those past contingencies were realized. But this only opens up only limited possibilities.At the present, looking backward in time, there is no ontological possibility in relation to what has happened. The past is fixed, and presents us with what actually is, as we understand the empirical observations which have occurred. — Metaphysician Undercover
If voters exercised LFW, then perhaps a different outcome could have occurred- but even LFW choices are made for reasons that would still be present- so it's too far-fetched to take seriously.And at the present there is ontological possibility toward the future, so we can talk about what could have happened if things had played out differently, when 1972 was the active present. This is fictional, because we cannot actually put the present back in time, to play things out differently. So this ought not be represented as "possible worlds", to distinguish it from real possible worlds looking forward in time. And we have a goof name for that "counterfactual" so we might call it counterfactual worlds. — Metaphysician Undercover
The reasoning is inescapably circular!Again, that is the cart before the horse. For Kripke Essence is a consequence, not a beginning. — Banno
the claim that “Kripke’s theory of possible worlds is contingent on essentialism being true” gets the explanatory order wrong. Essence is explained in terms of necessity, not necessity in terms of essence. — Banno
The implication is that there is only one possible world: the actual one. Do you agree?The opposite extreme: 100% of an objects properties (all of which are qualitative) at time t1 are necessary and sufficient for being that object at t1. This is my view.
— Relativist
That is my view too — Metaphysician Undercover
Under my view of individual identity, that is logically impossible.Relativist: A rigid designator refers to a specific individual in this world. '
A rigid designator refers to the very same individual in every world in which it exists. — Banno
In Kripke's system, and in the example we just gave, Prince Charles is imposed, fixed by the act of rigidly designation, and it's this very supposition that sets out that the Prince Charles in the alternative possible world is exactly the same Prince Charles as is in the actual world. — Banno
Counterparts do not have the same identity as the person being discussed. It's perfectly fine to reference counterparts- individuals with similarities to the one referenced.In Lewis' system, there is an algorithm to decide which person in some other possible world is the counterpart of Prince Charles. — Banno
Which makes it fine for an intellectual exercise, but it does not establish possibilia: that the "possible world" being analyzed is possible.Transworld identity or counterpart theory is not discovered by the model, it is presupposed — Banno
can True/False computers replace Maybe/Maybe-Not human philosophers?* — Gnomon
Of course, we can entertain any conceivable "what-if?", but entertaining it does not entail that it was truly possible.We ask "What if Prince Philip had passed before his mother?" and understand that this is about sentences about Prince Philip and Queen Elisabeth, and we do that without the need for the philosophical baggage of haecceity. — Banno
This depends on how one defines "conscious". If it's defined as a state that necessarily includes qualia, then it's true. But a qualia-absent being could have something very similar.n the zombie case the sights, sounds, feelings, emotions and so on were detected but never consciously — Janus
The people engaging in the possible world analysis know which object they are referring to: it's a footballer in one world, a cockroach in the other. So "infinite possibility" is the point: possible world analysis of an object has no bounds. Of course, this means there are no ontological cross-world identities. (This doesn't prevent us from entertaining fictional possible worlds).This is a good example of the problem I mentioned above. It's basically the problem of infinite possibility. You say "the object could be qualitatively entirely different between the worlds". Well, so could every object. So there is nothing then to distinguish one object from another, between worlds. We claim there is something, "haecceity", but we can't know it. — Metaphysician Undercover
Read literally, what you've written makes no sense. I think what you trying to say that IF there is transworld identity, then an object can have the same identity in 2 different worlds, despite having a different set of properties in each world. I agree that is what transworld identity means.But haecceity then cannot account for transworld identity. Transworld identity must allow that the same thing has different properties at the same time, is different in different worlds — Metaphysician Undercover
As an ontological theory, I think it's ridiculous. It seems to be arrived at by process of elimination: take away each of your non-essential parts and properties, and what's left? I say, nothing. But someone committed to transworld identity say that haecceity is what's left.
— Relativist
The concept of haecceity is the opposite of this though — Metaphysician Undercover
The P-zombie case, as specified would seem to be the very opposite to that, in that the zombie would say that they had seen, heard, felt, tasted, etc., while not having actually had any experience of anything at all. — Janus
Haecceity in itself could not account for transworld identity, because haecceity describes an individual being what it is, in all its uniqueness. Haecceity is the identity of the individual in all of its uniqueness. Therefore each individual would have a unique haecceity, and unique identity in each possible world.
If we say that a thing's haecceity is its essential properties, and this provides for transworld identity, as your referred article seems to imply, then we don't have a thing anymore, no de re, just Platonism, ideas, things said. — Metaphysician Undercover
This thread is for a read through of two SEP articles on possibility and actuality. The articles are:
1. Possible Worlds
2. The Possibilism-Actualism Debate — frank
Transworld identity can be accounted for via haecceity: the notion that there is something unanalyzable and immaterial that makes you YOU. It's comparable to a soul. This doesn't depend on Platonism; but it does depend on immaterialism.It is mentioned in the SEP article, "the truth conditions for sentences exhibiting modality de re involve in addition a commitment to the meaningfulness of transworld identity". This, as I explained above, is supported ontologically by Platonism, and requires a violation of the law of identity — Metaphysician Undercover
(FWIW: A state of affairs does not perdure. Perdurance applies to individual identities).You’re treating “the experiment” or “the state of affairs” as the object that perdures, so objecthood on this context is not in question. — Wayfarer
You're misinterpreting what I said. I was referring to the "true ontology" of QM. As you know, there are a number of interpretations - each of which is an ontological hypothesis. Our lack of knowledge which one is correct does not entail that it is NOT a state of affairs with determinate* properties! See this:But, as you already acknowledged, the 'true ontology' is unknown. What this means is that there is not some 'actual state of affairs' or 'object with determinate properties' at the fundamental level. — Wayfarer
