Once you have (or someone else has) explicitly addresse the questions I've raised to you, — 180 Proof
The Cold War stimulated the first example of comprehensive Federal education legislation, when in 1958 Congress passed the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) in response to the Soviet launch of Sputnik. To help ensure that highly trained individuals would be available to help America compete with the Soviet Union in scientific and technical fields, the NDEA included support for loans to college students, the improvement of science, mathematics, and foreign language instruction in elementary and secondary schools, graduate fellowships, foreign language and area studies, and vocational-technical training.
Very much so, he very much deserves the accolade imo. Small point btw, it's Alan not Allen.This is a little off topic but are you aware of Allen Turing being the father of AI? — Athena
For sure the fact that we have survived without claws and fangs proves that we evolved to help each other stay alive. We share much in common with other social animals. Genghis Khan had no problem with killing people until a Chinese man who came from an agricultural society taught Khan to harvest the towns and cities, instead of destroying them. Khan and the Mongols did not come from an agricultural society but a society dependent on hunt in an environment that led them to believe they lived despite the sky god who was far more likely to kill people than to help them survive. So by the Mongol story of life, it was people in the cities who were evil, as the cities led some having great wealth and left many extremely poor. Khan told his people to never settle and become like the city people. Lying and stealing were punishable by death because among the Mongols there was no need to lie and steal because everyone's needs were met. If a stranger knocked on your door without question he was given food and shelter because not doing so could lead to the person's death and someday you might be the one needing food and shelter. — Athena
what was the pre-"1958" "purpose of education" — 180 Proof
so what was the pre-"1958" "purpose of education" — 180 Proof
vis-à-vis state-sanctioned racial terrorism / legal segregation, systemic discrimination against women & gays, widespread unfair & unsafe labor practices, endemic populist antisemitism, wholesale environmental degregation by agriculture & heavy industry, and ongoing land (and mineral rights) theft from and 'public erasure' of Indigenous Americans ... — 180 Proof
"I have found that life persists in the midst of destruction and, therefore, there must be a higher law than that of destruction. Only under that law would a well-ordered society be intelligible and life worth living. And if that is the law of life, we have to work it out in daily life. Wherever there are jars, wherever you are confronted with an opponent, conquer him with love. In this crude manner, I have worked it out in my life. That does not mean that all my difficulties are solved. Only, I have found that this law of love has answered as the law of destruction has never done."
—Mahatma Gandhi, YI, 1-10-1931, p.286 — Existential Hope
She is convinced that, prior to that change, US education promoted Greek style values and good citizenship. — Vera Mont
This prepared the young for life and self-government and was along the lines of liberal education. — Athena
Well, to begin with, I didn't understand your "explanation" (maybe because it doesn't directly address the objections I'd raised here ). Also, I believe I've expressed my position on "democracy" in a number of exchanges with you previously, such as earlier on this thread ...↪180 Proof Wow, I gave a lot of time to my explanation and you have not kept your promise to address democracy. — Athena
Here's an excerpt from an old thread with the disingenuously polemical title Why Must You Be Governed?Okay pleaselist 10characteristics of democracy and perhaps say something about how they relate to our ideas of right and wrong. — Athena
In other words, "our ideas of right and wrong", Athena, are symptoms of the neoliberal ideology (or there is no alternative (T-I-N-A) to the corporatist status quo). The American Republic was founded on economic autocracy (read Charles A. Beard, 1913) just as classical Athens – your "educated for democracy" ideal – was founded on economic autoocracy (read Orlando Patterson, 1991); and the manifest purpose of "US education before 1958" was the same as it has been ever since 1958 (except maybe in style): generation after generation, for students and their teachers to internalize unquestioning conformity to and support for economic autocracy (e.g. neoliberal corporatism) in order to reinforce being full-time consumers while, at most, being quadrennial citizens. For 'the demos', of course, this is (still) a failing project.Democratize the economy as much as practically possible.
Political democracy in the absence of economic democracy (aka "economic autocracy" (becomes neoliberal corporatocracy)) has always been a failing project. [ ... ] Read A. Smith closely. & Read P. Kropotkin closely. Read D. Schweickart & T. Picketty closely. — 180 Proof
With what is happening in Israel and Ukraine it is pretty hard to have faith in the good. I am struggling. — Athena
I remain optimistic that we will see progress. — Existential Hope
The vast majority of the human cities currently existing on this planet, were not bombed today!
The vast majority of humans currently alive today were not raped, shot or slaughtered today!
Most of the human nations/tribes of the world are not currently at war today! — universeness
Today, the vast majority of the population of the planet, human and every other species, is in imminent danger of being incinerated by nuclear devices.
Today, the vast majority of humans and other animals on the planet is in danger of being killed or injured or displaced by climate events.
Today, the vast majority of fish and birds and animals on the planet is at risk of poisoning or illness via human waste.
I agree.Attach any date, in recorded or unrecorded history so far, and this would be true. — Vera Mont
I also agree, but this means humans have added to the many existential threats that have always been at a global scale, for all life on planet Earth. The dinos fate is good evidence of that, as are the 99% of all once existent species, that have gone extinct through no action of human beings at all, in the lifetime of this planet. Natural disaster has always been an existential threat to all life on planet Earth. I totally agree with you that we should not add to those threats or exacerbate them (as in the very real threat of climate change) due to our bad stewardship of the Earth or through our totally skewed interrelationships, due to pernicious invention/bad use of such as money and religion.Today, the entire population of the planet, human and every other species, is in imminent danger of being incinerated by nuclear devices.
Today, every human and other animal on the planet is in danger of being killed or injured or displaced by climate events.
Today, every fish and bird and animal on the planet is at risk of poisoning or illness via human waste.
Today, there is no safe place or shelter in the entire world.
This would only have been true of any date since Oct. 16, 1962 CE and is more true every day since. — Vera Mont
I totally agree with you that we should not add to those threats or exacerbate them — universeness
Been there. Done that. Carry the scars.It would be more useful imo, if you spoke/typed in ways that encouraged others to be in favour and actively support that pursuit, — universeness
Most didn't know enough about it and the nefarious didn't ever care enough about it.Too late! Somebody should have warned us sooner. — Vera Mont
I am sure you are a dear and tough auld gal, you can handle as many mental scars as the bams might try to cause you. You are struggling as best you can, for the sake of all of us, yes?Been there. Done that. Carry the scars. — Vera Mont
... relinquished our divergent perspectives and interests. "We all" are always already entangled in at least as many or more win-lose / lose-lose than win-win games. "We few" micro-cooperators, perhaps many times over, is more like it – scarcity-exploiting partisans, sects, gangs, networks, tribes, etc. "We all", my friend, just doesn't effectively scale (re: global governance, the UN, international law enforcement (e.g. climate change, WMD proliferation, wealth laundering / tax-defrauding, etc) ... globalization ... communism ... "utopia", etc). AFAIK, wars & black markets are our most prevalent, recurring forms of macro-cooperation. Even the "Tower of Babel" myth is quite insightful about the inherent fractiousness of the human condition (ergo the unfortunate, historical utility of religio, religare). Don't forget, mate: at our best we're primates, not angels.if we all ... — universeness
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