Two potential problems I see in accepting the rights other species have made for themselves:
1. They infringe upon our rights: if the aliens decided it was their right to eat us, then we'd necessarily have to try and convince them to change their view.
2. They have rights which we view as immoral: the aliens still have an institution of slavery based on nothing more than being magenta instead of turquoise.

Same thing with other cultures that exist on our own planet--I do not think we ought to accept other cultures doing things like denying women, children, or certain castes what we understand to be basic human rights.

My only caveat to my own claims: we should not react too quickly. We should make every attempt to understand first WHY they have these rules in place, before deciding that they are wrong. Sending a child to school without a shirt sounds like child abuse to me as a Westerner, but I imagine in rural schools of much warmer climates it may be seen as child abuse to force a shirt on a kid on a particularly hot day.

A universal right is a right that doesn't involve self-censorship

This supposes that human rights are created by humans; if there is something greater than both the "aliens" and humans that created such rights, then it becomes an absolute right that cannot be rightfully revoked by any being.

Here are the Earthlings 30 declared universal human rights. You might ask yourself just how universal these are on earth, let alone among organisms from distant planets. (These are in briefer simplified form, not the regular edition.)

Just how committed are earthlings to these 30 rights? I suspect we are very committed when we consider these rights our own, and don't care that much if other people don't have these rights.

1. We Are All Born Free & Equal. We are all born free. We all have our own thoughts and ideas. We should all be treated in the same way.

2. Don’t Discriminate. These rights belong to everybody, whatever our differences.

3. The Right to Life. We all have the right to life, and to live in freedom and safety.

4. No Slavery. Nobody has any right to make us a slave. We cannot make anyone our slave.

5. No Torture. Nobody has any right to hurt us or to torture us.

6. You Have Rights No Matter Where You Go. I am a person just like you!

7. We’re All Equal Before the Law. The law is the same for everyone. It must treat us all fairly.

8. Your Human Rights Are Protected by Law. We can all ask for the law to help us when we are not treated fairly.

9. No Unfair Detainment. Nobody has the right to put us in prison without good reason and keep us there, or to send us away from our country.

10. The Right to Trial. If we are put on trial this should be in public. The people who try us should not let anyone tell them what to do.

11. We’re Always Innocent Till Proven Guilty. Nobody should be blamed for doing something until it is proven. When people say we did a bad thing we have the right to show it is not true.

12. The Right to Privacy. Nobody should try to harm our good name. Nobody has the right to come into our home, open our letters, or bother us or our family without a good reason.

13. Freedom to Move. We all have the right to go where we want in our own country and to travel as we wish.

14. The Right to Seek a Safe Place to Live. If we are frightened of being badly treated in our own country, we all have the right to run away to another country to be safe.

15. Right to a Nationality. We all have the right to belong to a country.

16. Marriage and Family. Every grown-up has the right to marry and have a family if they want to. Men and women have the same rights when they are married, and when they are separated.

17. The Right to Your Own Things. Everyone has the right to own things or share them. Nobody should take our things from us without a good reason.

18. Freedom of Thought. We all have the right to believe in what we want to believe, to have a religion, or to change it if we want.

19. Freedom of Expression. We all have the right to make up our own minds, to think what we like, to say what we think, and to share our ideas with other people.

20. The Right to Public Assembly. We all have the right to meet our friends and to work together in peace to defend our rights. Nobody can make us join a group if we don’t want to.

21. The Right to Democracy. We all have the right to take part in the government of our country. Every grown-up should be allowed to choose their own leaders.

22. Social Security. We all have the right to affordable housing, medicine, education, and childcare, enough money to live on and medical help if we are ill or old.

23. Workers’ Rights. Every grown-up has the right to do a job, to a fair wage for their work, and to join a trade union.

24. The Right to Play. We all have the right to rest from work and to relax.

25. Food and Shelter for All. We all have the right to a good life. Mothers and children, people who are old, unemployed or disabled, and all people have the right to be cared for.

26. The Right to Education. Education is a right. Primary school should be free. We should learn about the United Nations and how to get on with others. Our parents can choose what we learn.

27. Copyright. Copyright is a special law that protects one’s own artistic creations and writings; others cannot make copies without permission. We all have the right to our own way of life and to enjoy the good things that art, science and learning bring.

28. A Fair and Free World. There must be proper order so we can all enjoy rights and freedoms in our own country and all over the world.

29. Responsibility. We have a duty to other people, and we should protect their rights and freedoms.

30. No One Can Take Away Your Human Rights.

In order to not repeat it over and over i am going to refer to the more advanced society as mas and the less advanced society as las. Also i am going to use human rights as a substitute to mean the established rights of whatever species each society may be.

Unfortunately, the mas does get the privilige of defining the laws. At least they do assuming the mas wins the war/extermination/enslavement that would most likely happen once they started trying to force their version of basic human rights onto the las. There have been examples of this throughout history on earth.

However, the mas may decide to try and coexist with the las and respect their version of human rights. After all, if the las has developed their own version of basic human rights and is able to communicate them to the mas it would demonstrate a certain level of consciousness to the mas.

My opinion is it would depend on how much more advanced one society is from the other. For example, animals have not communicated their own version of human rights to us, they do not display a very high level of consciousness, and they arent nearly result humans (as a whole at least) do not respect their way of life. Yet we do give some rights to certain species that show higher levels of conciousness. If elephants suddenly were able to communicate a set of rights they wanted to be allowed to follow there would most assuredly be an enourmous amount of people in favour of it.

Either way it gets very muddled. Even on earth many of us do not follow our own version of human rights.

The fact that we don't give other humans the rights list above by above should tell you how "universal" they are. Humans have colonized other humans when it comes to getting what they want. Humanity is very hypocritical to put it bluntly. In an ideal world we might organize rights by the capacity to feel pain or something along those lines. But even that ideal is a bit iffy to say the least.