Comments

  • Is our civilization critically imbalanced? Could Yin-Yang help? (poll)
    Something I may not have gotten across in my initial comment is that Nietzsche definitely felt the world was heavily lopsided towards the Apollonian (masculine) over the Dionysian (feminine). The two don't exactly equate to being "male and female" though. So whatever gut feeling you're getting about this notion, I'd say, run with it, thats your intuition leading you down the path towards the edge of what is known, towards that precipice where one builds their own bridge to a new world to share with others. To new vistas.Vaskane

    Thanks! Much appreciated! :smile:

    I think Nietzsche nails it, especially as a description of his time.
    And it largely carries forward to this day, even as radically different as the world is compared to a hundred plus years ago.

    I’d say the Apollonian aspect of knowledge is of course a wonderful thing.

    But in our culture, it seems to be placed far above other equally necessary parts of the human experience.
    I theorize that this is at least partially because it enables the discovery of the principles that allow powerful weapons to be built, and the worldly power that comes from that.
    That is the primary motivation (so to speak) when it comes to civilizational knowledge and information.
    An example of this is the origin and creation of the internet for military purposes.

    The opposite (but reinforcing) civilization trend is murkier to describe, but I’d say it is a bias against simplicity, sharing, not consuming, and well… against happiness itself.
    Happy people are satisfied in a deep way, and will probably not feel the need to buy things and consume mass quantities.
    A person who is afraid, in pain, confused, competitive, envious, anxious etc is an ideal consumer.

    If one were to see many ‘strangers’ going around lovingly and unselfconsciously hugging one another, and asking if they are feeling well, that would be a sign that something in our culture has dramatically changed.
    The fact that that statement sounds humorous shows how ingrained these habits are, even in those who are trying to see beyond them.

    :flower:
  • Is our civilization critically imbalanced? Could Yin-Yang help? (poll)


    Thanks for your many in-depth replies. They were read and appreciated.

    However…

    But unfortunately, when you write things like you did in the second half of your post…
    I don’t feel like responding. But I will because I feel compelled to explain since I started this thread, and feel a little responsibility about it. Otherwise, I’d might just go my way without much comment.

    This for example:

    No, do not denigrate war.

    War is a synonym for change. War is morally acceptable. I lose a lot of people there and I am fine with that. Wisdom is universally denigrated.

    Growth comes from suffering only. The wise wisely inflict necessary suffering upon the unwise to give them opportunities to grow. If you walk through a field on a sunny day without a care in your heart, you are making cosmic war on the creatures that live in that field. Your obliviousness to this truth is all that makes you careless. Peace is the greatest delusion there is. War is fine. Loss is fine. These are not immoral in and of themselves. They are consequences. Consequentialism is a lie. Morality is all deontological. Intent is what matters. The direction and strength of choice is what matters.
    Chet Hawkins

    You cannot escape change/war. Peace is a delusional immoral aim. To maintain proper balance war is required morally. You may prefer to call this struggle or effort, and that is fine. War is the real name. I do not shy from naming something what it really is. I accept war and prefer it. I do not mean unnecessary violence which many people would foolishly demand is the real definition of war.Chet Hawkins

    When I read this, I feel disappointed and somewhat queasy. You have some provocative ideas that I found challenging and difficult, and I enjoyed those. The quoted comments from you crosses some kind of line for me though. And they taint everything else you’ve written, in some way.

    Sorry if this sounds offensive… But to be extremely honest or blunt, those comments seem (to me) dangerous, delusional and preachy. It seem to assume that you have an absolute vantage point or a ‘God’s eye view’. To such an extent that I would be greatly surprised if anyone in this forum would agree with them in any way. If you lived in Gaza or Ukraine, I might think you really understood the consequences of your statements.

    (To repeat: your many other comments were cool, even if I didn’t agree or even understand them completely).

    To be fair, I’ll read your response to this, and take it into consideration. But you seem like you’ve made up your mind about many things, so I’m not expecting a retraction. Like you, I’ve been pondering these issues for many years, so I am probably ‘set in my ways’ about certain things as well.

    In a nutshell, your quoted statements really go directly against the purpose of this thread, maybe unintentionally. One may say in response that I’m being a woke snowflake who can’t handle another view, or can’t handle unvarnished ‘wisdom’. But that is not really the case.

    If I don’t respond further, good luck to you in all ways. :pray: :flower:
  • How May Esoteric Thinking and Traditions be Understood and Evaluated Philosophically?


    :100: :clap: :smile: Couldn’t have said it any better than both of your responses!
  • Is our civilization critically imbalanced? Could Yin-Yang help? (poll)
    Nietzsche said that God is dead, and on a mythological scale, he was accurate.

    Now Progress (that which tried to fill the endless void) is on life-support.
  • Is our civilization critically imbalanced? Could Yin-Yang help? (poll)
    @Chet Hawkins :up:

    Thanks! I feel similar anger and frustration about being stuck on the Titanic with billionaires who don’t care if we hit an iceberg, because they have a personal helicopter to fly them to safety.

    Addiction to power is the worst addiction, because everyone suffers for it.

    I think we are on a vast pendulum swing from right wing or fear oriented societies to left wing or desire oriented societies. It's also clear that although the value-added portion of desire side orientation has already been accomplished, that we have gone well past balance and clearly the inertia is going to take us further into desire-side failure before the metronome uses up the swing energy to oscillate back towards balance.Chet Hawkins

    Could you please expand on this somewhat?
    If I’m understanding correctly, I’m not sure that I completely agree with this particular point, though I agree overall.

    I don’t think the situation as a whole has reached a balance point anytime recently, not even for a moment while swinging in the other direction.
    I agree that ‘desire’ is the carrot stick to keep the machine running, and the whip is never far behind (from hitting our behinds lol).
    And the faded promise for capitalism is that ‘everyone can be successful!’
    (Cryptocurrency is the latest attempt to let everyone try to game the system, and is immensely seductive because there is a lack of cash flow is like living in a dry desert).

    But I think we are prisoners of a system whose rules make it mandatory to consume the Earth for power and profit, not just human need.
    It is a game, pure and simple… a tragic game with all losers (as in war, a key feature of the game).
    Even the winners are tragic selfish scared losers, only with bigger bank accounts.

    The masters of war have been ‘in control’ for centuries and millennia, and there’s nowhere left on Earth to escape them as might have been possible in simpler times.

    We can identify with ‘winners’ and believe their lies, and go along with their plans, and be their prison guards and beat up those ‘beneath us’.
    Or we can abandon this toxic dream, even if we have nothing to replace it with at the moment.
  • How May Esoteric Thinking and Traditions be Understood and Evaluated Philosophically?
    Fear and Desire, yang and yin, both require the balancing foundational force of anger to balance them. So the yin/yang model is woefully incomplete. Add in the third force and you start to make sense.

    But even then there is another issue. I mentioned it earlier in this post.

    The good is MAXIMIZED and balanced fear, anger, and desire. The higher the moral agency the more of each is expressed. And the good only happens best in perfect balance. That means yin and yang MUST be equal in all things. And the balancing foundational force must also be equal. That is the only path to the good.
    Chet Hawkins

    From what I take to be the Taoist perspective, or at least my own take of it, the good is found in harmony between yin and yang which then serves as a return to Wuji—Wuji being in the Taoist cosmology the nameless Tao which produces the One, from which is produced the Two, from which is produced the Three, from which all things are produced. Bad, and by extension evil, for me is then a discord, or disharmony, between yin and yang.

    To say that good is a harmony between yang-as-good and yin-as-bad, or similar takes, to me so far makes no sense. As though too much good is then bad? But good is a balance between them?
    javra

    Excellent answers, both of you! :cool: :up: Thanks for the responses and effort! Much appreciated.

    I was wondering if anyone here still held on (even subconsciously) to the ‘bright yang is good, dark yin is evil’ belief.
    Glad to hear that you don’t fall for that odd mixture of Zorastrian / Abrahamic ‘good vs evil’, and the completely different Tao, the way of nature and of the Universe.
    (Not to say a mythic dramatization of ‘good vs evil’ is not potentially helpful. As long as one isn’t scapegoating and projecting one’s own faults onto someone else).

    I started a thread to discuss the way our current civilization has gone awry, and what kinds of thinking (old and new) could help, if anyone wishes to continue that particular conversation.
  • How May Esoteric Thinking and Traditions be Understood and Evaluated Philosophically?
    Polemic, yesChet Hawkins

    Ok thanks for identifying it. Nothing wrong with a little polemic for spice.

    Here is another one for you, and these are all from me, pearls cast, and hopefully not before swine, 'The one-eyed man is king in the land of the blind!' Nope! Not even close. He is deemed insane for speaking about 'visions' and 'colors', delusional things that do not exist to almost everyone. See the series 'See' with Jason Momoa as Baba Voss for confirmation of this anti-wisdom aphorism as nonsense that most people would still say is wisdom. Real wisdom is hard. It's esoteric and full of strangeness that in the end is truth.Chet Hawkins

    Haha, yes I know what you mean. I think every culture attempts to produce members that will continue that specific culture. In a way similar to each organism trying its best to survive and reproduce.
    Nothing wrong with that, in fact it’s why we’re all here now with millions of other organisms.

    But what happens when the culture is going off the rails, headed for a collision?
    It seems the best one can do is to understand the situation and roots of the problem, while surviving.
    Maybe the esoteric understanding humans need to know most urgently is ‘how did humanity get to this point?’ And ‘what can I (or we) do about it?’

    Humans are in a physical calamity with nature, but also one concerning awareness, thinking, and beliefs.
  • How May Esoteric Thinking and Traditions be Understood and Evaluated Philosophically?


    :smile: :up:

    What about this: (politically incorrect warning)
    Cold climates that are yin in nature give rise to their opposite, yang investiture.
    Warmer climates that are yang in nature give rise to their opposite, yin investiture.
    Nature is nothing so much as a force always aiming at least energy balance.
    Chet Hawkins

    Not exactly sure about the ‘investiture’ part means, but yes… I’d agree that one gives rise to its partner and lover.

    I cannot find that yin or yang is more foundational.

    In fact the third force that binds them is the only real foundational force. That is anger/essence/being.

    Yin is desire and mystery, enveloping and dark.
    Yang is fear and excitement, pointed and bright.
    Chet Hawkins

    Yes, I am maybe adding my own take on Yin being foundational.

    However, between Earth and Sky/heaven, Earth is yin. And earth is our home base…
    And everyone of us is “of a woman born”, our earthly source so to speak.
    (Even Macbeth’s downfall Macduff! :snicker: )

    This is what is hard to relate, but I think you touched on it well here. No matter how you wedge the sphere, all wedges partake of the north pole. Finally then, all paths lead via desire to understanding. The trouble is that there is always a more direct path. Or, let's say only one path is direct from any location in the sphere. That path is then, the 'best' one.Chet Hawkins

    Thanks! Sometimes a direct path is best. Sometimes not.
    (Just once, I’d love to drive my car in a straight line to my destination, but some fussy people might object to my driving through their yard lol).

    But seriously, chasing the unicorn of wisdom can lead one on some unexpected paths.

    Exactly! How to get the science types off their high horse though, serving the elites and control rather than ... love ... for lack of a better word. Even love is conflated so badly. I prefer the 'Good'.Chet Hawkins

    I have a sinking feeling that science in general is not as free to meet its own standards as is advertised on TV. Science weighs the evidence, but Money has its finger on the scale.

    Knowledge is mostly a yang thing pulled into being by the third forceChet Hawkins

    Yes, that was what I was getting at in general before saying knowledge is on the yang side.

    Anger-infused fear. This is where the patterns of the past have already combined into a present. That is the case for knowledge.Chet Hawkins

    You somewhat lost me there… seems a tad too absolute or polemic, for lack of a better word.
    Is knowledge always tainted and well, bad?
    Knowledge is always incomplete, little bits here and there, maybe it works now.
    Maybe everything changes tomorrow, as it often does.

    So what is this flimsy knowledge thing anyway? I still prefer the term and the meaning of awareness to knowledge. It seems more accurate and humble, a state, rather than a final destination.Chet Hawkins

    But this I understand and agree with, for what it’s worth.
    Regarding knowledge as ‘flimsy’ is a healthy practice.
    A skepticism to keep one feet on the ground, and prevent the brain from swelling up with so many facts that one’s head inflates like a helium balloon and floats away to the sky… :starstruck:

    Question for you (and anyone else):
    How do you see the relationship between good / evil… and Yin / Yang?
    :chin:
  • How May Esoteric Thinking and Traditions be Understood and Evaluated Philosophically?
    I also wonder about the ideas of Hegel on 'spirit' here. His understanding is not simply about the 'supernatural' as separate from the nature of experience itself, but as imminent in the evolution of consciousness on a collective and personal basis. It may be that mysticism itself was a problem because it tried to separate the nature of experience and reason as though they were different categories of knowledge and understanding.Jack Cummins

    Yes, good point! :up:

    I think there are major discoveries yet to be made about our little planet, despite the feeling that everything useful has already been discovered or invented.

    I can understand labeling something as ‘supernatural’ as a quick and handy heuristic device to describe something that defies easy description.

    But like most labels, this one is rather ill-fitting.

    Ancient people labeling the phenomenon of lightning as supernatural is understandable, but of course incorrect by our current (haha) science.

    And conversely, a modern person labeling something like ESP as supernatural (and thus imaginary, unprovable, or plain evil) is closing the door on investigation prematurely, in my view.

    Important to note also that labeling anything vaguely supernatural as “absolutely true and real” just because it makes one feel warm and fuzzy inside is obviously dangerous and intellectually unsound.

    (For what it is worth, I have a personal conspiracy theory that the ‘hard sciences’ receive far more attention and $$$ funding than social sciences because they are better suited for producing cutting-edge weaponry. Hope I’m wrong about that...)
  • How May Esoteric Thinking and Traditions be Understood and Evaluated Philosophically?
    Understanding is meta-level more important than knowledge. Thus, 'understanding' is clearly both yin and yang. It is all.Chet Hawkins

    Ok, thank you very much for your reply. :up:

    To expand on my post somewhat…
    As you noticed, I play a little game with myself categorizing a pair of related things into Yin-Yang.

    Summer (to me in the northern hemisphere) is yang. Winter is yin, for example.
    Dogs are yang… cats are yin… lol.
    This is NOT a hard and fast list with absolute right or wrong answers of course… maybe just a metaphysical puzzle.

    To me, the concept of Yin is very foundational, like the roots and soil, the Earth itself.
    Being foundational, it might be often overlooked or taken for granted.
    So by saying that ‘understanding’ is yin is no slight or disrespect to understanding’s worth, of course.
    I would say _metaphorically_ that specific bits of ‘knowledge’ grows out of a deep field of ‘understanding’, and is supported by it and depends on it.

    Also, as is commonly known, both yin and yang contain each other in seed form.
    (The black dot in the whiteness, the white dot in the blackness).

    So one could say that “understanding is all, both yin and yang”.
    Being underappreciated, understanding could use some love lol since knowledge and information seem to be ruling the world.
    (A knowledge that seems to be often lacking context, compassion, and understanding etc, and aims for pure power OVER (as opposed to WITH) everyone and everything around).

    But when saying “understanding is everything”, it seems like then it’s no longer TWO complementary parts flowing together like the Yin / Yang symbol.
    I wonder where that leaves ‘knowledge’ though?
    :victory: :smile:
  • How May Esoteric Thinking and Traditions be Understood and Evaluated Philosophically?

    :up: Exactly, thanks! Great quote.

    I probably put everything into a yin-yang relationship, but ‘understanding’ is definitely the under-appreciated ‘yin’ mental ability of the two.
    It helps dealing with life and humans, as opposed to things and calculations.
    But obviously knowledge is essential and unavoidable, though I tried valiantly to do so in school lol.
  • How May Esoteric Thinking and Traditions be Understood and Evaluated Philosophically?
    The standard definition of "Esoteric" is very unusual and understood or liked by only a small number of people, especially those with special knowledge:, which suggests intentional hidings of their knowledge into their own circles, societies or cults. Therefore demonstrating the intentionally hidden knowledge for the circle members or initiated followers only to the uninitiated, outsiders or public would be contradicting the meaning of the concept as well as their intentions, gist, purposes and ideas for the esoteric and mystic knowledge.Corvus

    Yes, I agree.

    However, to that I’d add the less common (but still significant) trait of wisdom traditions to place value on openness, simplicity, and plain (if not completely pure) awareness… rather than (or in addition to, perhaps) knowledge and concepts.

    Zen is known for this, for example the book Zen Mind, Beginner’s Mind.
    Also, the Tao Te Ching can be read and (somewhat understood) by nearly anyone in an hour.
    In mystic Christianity, Jesus’s encouragement to become as children… etc etc.
  • How May Esoteric Thinking and Traditions be Understood and Evaluated Philosophically?
    This excerpt from the Wikipedia page on Ken Wilber’s The Marriage of Sense and Soul makes some points that I think relate to this thread. Specifically, about ‘evidence’…


    For these reasons, Wilber subsequently deduces that "sensory empiricism" cannot be included as one of "the defining characteristics of the scientific method", arguing that the "defining patterns of scientific knowledge" instead, "must be able to embrace both biology and mathematics, both geology and anthropology, both physics and logic—some of which are sensory-empirical, some of which are not." In this same regard however, he notes "there is sensory empiricism (of the sensorimotor world)" or empiricism in the narrow sense, "mental empiricism (including logic, mathematics, semiotics, phenomenology, and hermeneutics), and spiritual empiricism (experiential mysticism, spiritual experiences)" or empiricism in the broad sense. "In other words, there is evidence seen by the eye of flesh (e.g., intrinsic features of the sensorimotor world), evidence seen by the eye of mind (e.g., mathematics and logic and symbolic interpretations), and evidence seen by the eye of contemplation (e.g., satori, nirvikalpa samadhi, gnosis)" [emphasis in original].[36]

    Wilber then outlines what he states as believing "are three of the essential aspects of scientific inquiry"; referring to them as the "three strands of all valid knowing":

    1. Instrumental injunction. "This is an actual practice, an exemplar, a paradigm, an experiment, an ordinance. It is always of the form "If you want to know this, do this."
    2. Direct apprehension. "This is an immediate experience of the domain brought forth by the injunction; that is, a direct experience or apprehension of data (even if the data is mediated, at the moment of experience it is immediately apprehended)."
    3. Communal confirmation (or rejection). "This is a checking of the results—the data, the evidence—with others who have adequately completed the injunctive and apprehensive strands" [emphasis added].[37]
    Advocating that science "expand from narrow empiricism (sensory experience only) to broad empiricism (direct experience in general) [emphasis added],[38] Wilber similarly reasons that religion too "must open its truth claims to direct verification—or rejection—by experiential evidence." He subsequently asserts that "(r)eligion, like science, will have to engage the three strands of all valid knowledge and anchor its claims in direct experience" [emphasis added].


    Authentic spirituality, then, can no longer be mythic, imaginal, mythological, or mythopoetic: it must be based on falsifiable evidence. In other words, it must be, at its core, a series of direct mystical, transcendental, meditative, contemplative, or yogic experiences—not sensory and not mental [emphasis in original], but transsensual, transmental, transpersonal, transcendental consciousness—data seen not merely with the eye of flesh or with the eye of mind, but with the eye of contemplation.

    — Ken Wilber, The Marriage of Sense and Soul (from Wikipedia)

    That (put very concisely, and of course benefiting from elaboration) is a description of what possible ‘evidence’ of a metaphysical / spiritual / transrational nature might entail.

    And importantly, how it might even begin to be ‘verified’.

    Of course, one can reject or quibble with his positing an ‘eye of contemplation’.
    One can take it or leave it, and live a productive and full life.

    But I think this quote (along with Wilber’s other writings) describe what metaphysical experiences, and the often vague descriptions of them, are aiming for in an extremely general way.
    (Although most of us philosophical and mystical seekers and wanderers don’t have a community of wise souls also engaged in spiritual exercises in the neighborhood to guide us.)
  • How May Esoteric Thinking and Traditions be Understood and Evaluated Philosophically?
    As with the arts, some sometimes find metaphors to be the optimal means of conveying deeper, sometimes hidden (esoteric) truths. This then works well for conveying these truths to others who already are of a common enough mindset in many other respects. But it will backfire whenever others hold different foundational semantics, for the latter will at times drastically misinterpret what was intended to be conveyed.

    Then there’s the analytic approach to philosophy. The leading benefit to this method of conveying truths is an improvement in clarity as to what is being addressed. But this comes at the cost of dryness, which serves as a big impediment to conveying what was intended. And, unlike the former method, it also limits what is conveyed to concepts that are already commonly known, making it that much more difficult to convey new ways of understanding or else realities that are not already publicly accepted and acknowledged. Here, then, the metaphors employed will be static in already being common standard, rather than being dynamic and new.

    They mythical (and, by extension, much of the religious) can thereby be interpreted as the metaphorical, with Carl Jung and Joseph Campbell coming to mind in this field of study. Hence, as attempting to convey deeper, and at times hidden, truths or else realities.
    javra

    Just as I have consistently argued for the existence of a spectrum of consciousness there is also evident a spectrum of knowledge (possibly there is a connection). Individuals with certain mental capacities are capable of grasping complex mathematical concepts far beyond the ken of most folks. Savants can have incredible mathematical (and other) skills, often with minimal formal training.

    Given the breadth and depth of human knowledge and experience, I don't find it in the least surprising that people of varying constitutions and varying experiences have a variety of different types of knowledge, or that some people have intuitions and awareness that some others do not share. In fact, it would be surprising if there were not such a variety. Brain scans of Buddhist monks exhibit a variety of unique features, including enhanced neuroplasticity.
    Pantagruel

    Of course not. In none of this am I putting myself forward as an exemplar or possessor of esoteric knowledge. But I've studied comparative religion, Mircea Eliade, William James, Evelyn Underhill, and I don't believe it's all moonshine. Whereas, seems to me vital for a lot of people to believe it must be. It's what Max Weber calls the great disenchantment.Wayfarer

    Perhaps the challenge is knowing in the face of uncertainty, in other words, belief. For me, the notion of spirituality aligns precisely with the noumenon-phenomenon (mind-body) problem and is to that extent "de-mystified", although it is still mysterious. Yes, we can have some certainties of the material world, which are in a sense trivial. These form the framework of our human existence, the stage whereupon we live our lives. And those human truths are not so easily acquired or proven. And of course, when human knowledge has reached a high level of sophistication, we begin to discover that the so-called simple truths of the material world are not themselves straightforward, when we finally reach the horizons of the quantum and the cosmic.Pantagruel

    :100: :smile: :up:

    Thanks very much for your posts and insights. I can appreciate some nutritious and delicious food for thought.
  • How May Esoteric Thinking and Traditions be Understood and Evaluated Philosophically?
    Well said.javra

    Thanks much! :smile:

    Yes, it probably says so much about Western culture and the nature of consumerism and shallowness. It all comes down to money and images for so many, to where it turns the initial ideas of esotericide upside down and inside out.Jack Cummins

    True. And you may have just coined an interesting word (even if it was a typo). :blush:
  • How May Esoteric Thinking and Traditions be Understood and Evaluated Philosophically?
    There seems in general to be two broad approaches to philosophy:
    (at least that seem quite evident in this particular and interesting thread).

    One that leans towards math, science, and logic. (I’ll call this ‘hard philosophy’)

    And another that adds to that rational foundation a certain speculative or experimental metaphysics or metalogic. (I’ll call this ‘speculative philosophy’ for lack of a better term. Avant-garde? lol).

    The second broader type doesn’t (usually) dismiss the first type, it simply adds other topics or approaches to that rational basis.
    Those tending towards the first type of requiring proof that can be shown in writing may think the second type is straining the definition of philosophy.

    This tension (or rivalry) parallels the relationship of the ‘hard sciences’ like physics to the ‘social sciences’ like psychology.

    The potential weakness of ‘hard philosophy’ is becoming too narrow, too rigid, even (perhaps somewhat ironically) too dogmatic.
    The potential weakness of ‘speculative philosophy’ is making assertions that are not backed up with something of worth, with at least some persuasion if not evidence.

    Obliviously, one can fall anywhere on this linear spectrum. Maybe an X-Y Cartesian graph would be more accurate.

    A quick snapshot of the two polar positions is the interest or value one places on the subject of metaphysics (and exactly where one draws the line on what is or is not ‘valid’ metaphysics).

    Another litmus test is whether one considers Eastern philosophy (taken as a whole) to be actual philosophies, or simply religious beliefs.
  • US Election 2024 (All general discussion)

    Thanks! Haha, that was an attempt at some subtle irony or British-style dry humour. :nerd:
  • How Different Are Theism and Atheism as a Starting Point for Philosophy and Ethics?
    Interesting, thanks. :up: I imagine that I know what you are getting at here in the OP, in general.

    It seems that the divide you mention is growing like rust, which never sleeps. (Only occasional small cat naps).
    And since the divide is approximately the size of the Grand Canyon, any discussion between two opposing parties has to be shouted, which is not the best starting point unfortunately.

    The discussion (and the idea of the Cosmos itself) usually seems to boil down to: My God vs your God. My Gods vs your naughty atheism. Or my logical atheism vs your incredibly gullible superstitious religion, etc ad nauseum…

    As for my speculations on this general topic, I’m still trying to find some kind of middle ground, something ‘both sides’ could agree on. Or at least keep their guns in their holsters for a moment lol.

    A few years ago, I started a thread here called ‘What is spirit?’ in the attempt to bridge that gap.
    I perhaps naïvely or optimistically thought that many here would be ok with the general word ‘spirit’, which admittedly is vague. Or at least ok with the term as a general starting point…
    To be fair, several posters were up for playfully entertaining the idea.

    Truly in that interesting thread I tried to define my terms the best I could, but the intended subject matter is notoriously difficult to nail down in words.
    Subatomic particules seems easier to describe, as few doubt their mere existence.

    It wasn’t some idea of an eternal Soul (with an afterlife, heaven, deities, etc) that was the subject of my thread either.
    I thought then (and still think) that ‘spirit’ or ‘psyche’ are descriptive and valid concepts, which could be
    included in a theory of consciousness / mind.
    The school of thought called The Perennial Philosophy is quite fascinating to me, though it seems to be out of fashion.

    And here’s perhaps a key point to be discussed… that a spiritual aspect of humans can be said ‘to exist’ without being supernatural .
    Because anything labeled ‘supernatural’ is liable to be pelted with rotten tomatoes (either fairly or unfairly lol).

    (As an aside, I tend to think of the terms ‘supernatural’ and ‘metaphysical’ as potentially having something in common. But this may be risking a tomato bath… :yum: ).
  • US Election 2024 (All general discussion)
    I offer this dire prediction concerning the election campaigns…

    Mr Trump will be in middle of a rally or debate, in full harangue, and despite being in excellent physical condition and of serene disposition, will suffer a massive heart attack and/or stroke in front of a huge audience. He falls to the ground, and gawking onlookers hear him say ‘Ivanka is soooo hot…’

    Whether or not he survives depends on whether prayers on his behalf are directed toward the correct deity. (There are so many gods these days. They are harder to get a hold of, and even harder to understand, than tech support from India).

    I myself am praying fervently to Jupiter that this tragedy may be averted!
  • All things Cannabis
    About taking ‘pure CBD’, I was curious if it could provide me enough of a buzz like the other forms of cannabis I’ve tried.

    The answer is thankfully… YES, it can.

    The ‘buzz’ is different and mellower, but enough to really get in a good relaxed state of mind to play music, meditate, concentrate…
    Less giggling, spacy-ness, and munchies than with anything that has even trace amounts of THC.

    I’ve read and experienced that CBD actually suppresses the appetite.
    Who needs a prescription drug like Wegovy? :razz:

    But pure CBD seems to offer a very calm, focused, and enjoyable experience.
    Pain relief and inflammation reduction is a wonderful cherry on top.
    Your mileage may vary…

    And as a side benefit, overdoing alcohol consumption has absolutely no attraction to me now.
    (Though I completely understand the need people have to ‘take the edge off’ and to lose themselves for a while… )

    CBD / THC are an intriguing Yin / Yang combo…

    I know that some people wish or need to avoid THC at certain times, for various reasons.
    THC is very powerful, of course.

    But CBD (as is well-known) has medical and psychological benefits for almost everyone.
    Even pets can chill on CBD. :halo:
  • All things Cannabis
    I recently purchased some CBD Isolate powder. I guess you could call it ‘pure CBD’.
    Wanted to try it for laughs and out of curiosity, and also if I needed to go ‘completely THC free’ (shudder! :lol: ) for getting a job that demanded complete squareness lol.

    I tried a home THC test recently and failed, and I have only been consuming CBD hemp that was below the .3% THC legal limit.
    Probably cuz i was taking two heaping spoons per day!
    You can definitely feel a nice buzz from legal hemp… which is nice, but caution is understandably needed.

    About the CBD isolate…
    Wow, I really like it! The CBD isolate powder is by its nature extremely powerful, so must be diluted somehow.
    Cannabis is fat-soluble, and is absorbed better when consumed with fats, so I diluted it in oil.

    It’s great for a quick ‘mellow-out’ and pain relief. I can exercise a lot more, because it relieves the soreness that would normally force me to take several days off to recover.
    When dissolved in vegetable oil (MCT, grapeseed, olive etc) is has no taste except from the oil.

    So put the CBD + oil in a dropper bottle, it’s so easy to take a little dose without gagging on the strong hemp taste.
    (I’m partial to edibles or also putting CBD oil in a candle. Don’t like the traditional smoking method).
    I even take a couple drops in the middle of the night, when my mind is spinning while trying to solve every problem in the universe lol.

    CBD isolate powder… highly recommended by this amateur mystical pothead.
    Buying in bulk saves 70% or more off the overpriced stuff that’s generally for sale.

    I’m still learning about all the many wonderful varieties of cannabis for sale…
    It’s confusing sometimes, with all the labels, terminology, laws etc.
    Learning about cannabis is really a joint effort. :snicker:

    Full spectrum CBD is made from hemp flower buds, and has trace amounts of THC (or more), and thus may show up on a drug test.

    Broad spectrum CBD is made from pure CBD isolate (if the package labeling is correct) and will not show up on a drug test.

    Article about the CBD variations here.
  • Fascism in The US: Unlikely? Possible? Probable? How soon?

    :up: Thanks. Tragically, that about sums it up in a nutshell.

    What a crock of idealist poopVaskane

    Poop-aganda… our steady diet since birth.

    Where does a two-ton gorilla crap? Anywhere he wants to.
  • Fascism in The US: Unlikely? Possible? Probable? How soon?
    Some related ideas…

    We have been conditioned to think of negative aspects of powerful ruling agents such as “fascism”, “authoritarianism”, “imperialism” etc as being primarily descriptive and critical of governments.

    However billionaires, international corporations and banks play an enormous (though murky) role, and it keeps getting larger every day.
    So powerful are these non-governmental Powers and Lords that a case could be made that most governments are now their servants.

    At the very least, the many world governments (with few exceptions) are eager partners of these controlling Billionaires, ready to answer the phone in the middle of the night to please them.
    The US government fits this description very closely.

    The governments set up shop in plain view, at least in liberal democracies.
    They are accountable and usually elected, and give frequent press conferences.

    Their Billionaire Lords answer to no one.
    They create LLCs and shell companies and play clever games with laws.
    Games like “Change Inconvenient Laws”. And “I’m Above the Law”.
    And the ever-popular “If You Can’t Beat ‘em, Bribe ‘em”.

    These wraiths misrule the world, then disappear like a fart in the wind.
    They crouch in the shadows like gangs of vermin.
    We are left poor and holding the bag of their shit…
  • Fascism in The US: Unlikely? Possible? Probable? How soon?
    The United States has had fascist movements in the past. The KKK is an example. Father McLaughlin had a popular radio show during the 1930s, reaching up to 30,000,000 a week. "The broadcasts have been described as "a variation of the Fascist agenda applied to American culture". Coughlin died in 1979.BC

    In an odd way, I sometimes find it comforting that such ideologies (or ‘idiot-ologies’ lol) have been kept at bay in the past (though never completely eradicated of course).

    And perhaps the intolerance acted roughly like a vaccine to spur a counter-action to increase resistance to short-sighted tribalism, stupidity and hatred, by its very noxiousness.

    (This is probably looking through rosy glasses, and desperately searching for a diamond in a pile of manure).

    Reading about the history of the Prohibition in the USA during the 1920’s gives a similar effect.
    (Or watching the Ken Burns documentary about that tumultuous time).
  • Fascism in The US: Unlikely? Possible? Probable? How soon?
    We need to keep an eye on Christian Nationalists (they're a thing in the US -- another abomination)BC

    :up: Yes definitely. I was raised Catholic / Christian. Now lapsed, but the core beliefs linger in me.

    Core beliefs that in bitter irony are now rejected by militant Fundamentalists as “too soft”.
    Forgiveness, love, compassion, humility… Soft Power is unfortunately out of fashion.
    (I’ve thought about starting a thread entitled ‘Christian Nationalism is neither truly Christian nor truly Nationalist…’)

    I like simple answers as much as anyone, but demanding quick and neat, black / white solutions regarding national (and international policy) is a fool’s game… and irresistibly tempting.

    There’s a theory that peoples’ patience and attention span has been on the wane for decades, and the internet has exacerbated the trend.
    Another trend is thinking that one is extremely smart, because of insta-google searches.
    Join that with the simultaneous spread of misinformation / disinformation.

    It is clearly a type of psychological projection when the Alt-Right whines about “wokeness” when (taken as a whole) their own movement rests on an unstable and bizarre (and often contradictory) patchwork of lies, blame, intolerance, paranoia, mythology, etc.

    What’s the old saying about “small lies attracting small numbers, and big lies attracting large numbers of followers”?

    The leader who appears ‘strong’ and ‘confident’ during turbulent times has an advantage, even if he is a cowardly selfish gasbag who doesn’t care about anything beyond their little fantasy bubble.

    A quick glance at the collection of loonies that “stormed the Capitol” is a handy reference.

    Not that long ago in the USA, the Constitution was near-sacred to many, especially conservatives.

    Now it seems that many of them would (as in a fairytale) trade it like a cow for some magic beans.
  • How Real is the Problem of Bed Bugs and How May it be Tackled?
    I also saw that the American cockroach eats bedbugs, so you may want to introduce them into your home if not already there.Hanover

    :lol: True. Though I think that the British roaches do equally well, and are not as gauche as the American ones.
    Plus, they have that charming accent.

    I found two solutions: heat and alcoholHanover

    Great ideas! :up:

    For anyone else who is experiencing bed bugs, I am also wondering about the actual risk of harm of bed bugs versus treatments for it.Jack Cummins

    Yep… sometimes the treatment seems worse than the cure, unfortunately.

    If in that situation, I personally would take detoxifing herbs and vitamins.
    Like turmeric, garlic and milk thistle.
    Detox therapies include sweating out poisons and breathing essential oils.
    CBD is good for stopping inflammation caused by environmental issues.
  • Winners are good for society
    It sounds like my words bounced off your consciousness and left no trace.frank

    Hmm, quite. Bounced like a gnat off an elephant’s butt! But thanks for trying again.

    So who are you in the story of your society?frank

    I’d venture to say that we are possibly all the characters in your story, in different ways, and at different times.
    The poor woman herself wasn’t always so poor and sick.
    She could have lived a life as happy as it was long.

    Death is usually painful and messy. But so is birth…

    You can open your heart and love all of it.frank

    Yes. Sincerely agree. Well put. :up:

    But… I’m straining to see how that relates to the OP? Please fill in the outlines, if you would… :smile:
  • How May the Nature and Experience of Emotions Be Considered Philosophically?
    Childhood experiences probably play an extremely significant role in forming the core frames of emotions. There does appear to be a link between childhood trauma and mental illness, including PTSD and many other issues. Stress at all times is a major trigger for becoming mental ill, but the first years may be at the core of emotional life and defense mechanisms. It is likely to be linked to the plasticity of the brain.

    With healing, there are so many approaches. Some people found it in religion and this may go back to the shamanic aspects of the origins of religion. So much was projected outside onto the gods. In secular society, so much understanding is based on understanding of biochemistry. Of course, the neurochemical aspects are important, such as Serotonin, but, often, chemical treatment alone is often one dimensional. It can be complimented by the talking therapies and the creative arts. The arts therapies make this connection and the arts may involve a form of transformation. Shamanism and religious experiences were a means of this for the ancient people. A lot of people who are not religious transform emotional suffering into healing for oneself and others, like the role of the shaman, often understood as the 'wounded healer. '
    Jack Cummins

    Thanks for that. :up:

    Sometimes I wonder if (core aspects of) our society are just insane (meaning unfit and unhealthy for humans, to be simple and blunt).

    As an analogy, in a dishware factory a broken mold for making cups will produce only broken cups.

    This is opposed to the usual view that society has its flaws, but an individual must conform to society as much as possible, learn the game, compete, and win.
    Then success / happiness follow.

    Some may call it ‘sour grapes’ but even if that’s somewhat true, sour grapes make good wine. :yum:
  • Winners are good for society

    Kind of vague… sorry Frank. An OP full of assertions and claims.
    Sounds like the thoughts I have when I just wake up, and I’m still tired (and tired of fighting).

    Could you add some meat to this sauce? :wink:

    As Trump is poised to once again become president of my countryfrank
    Hardly a certainty. He might not even get the GOP nomination.

    I feel challenged by my own theory that social "winners" are sort of naturally selected and serve the larger social life cycle, whether the people on the ground understand that or not.frank

    I think I might know what you’re referring to, but it’s cloudy. “Winners” = rich and powerful?
    “People on the ground” = us? “Social life cycle” = ?

    I believe this about leftism: whatever its merits may be, it lost.frank

    I’m sorry… I must have missed that story. What was the final score?
    Did it cover the point spread? :cool:

    Seriously though… who would you say represents ‘leftism’?
    (Please don’t say Joe Biden).

    The western world turned away from it. The opposing perspective didn't win by a blitzkrieg, but by giving the people what they wanted.frank

    Which opposing perspective? Technophilia? Classic conservativism?
    Trumpism? (aka rabble-rousing).
    What exactly DO people want?

    To arrive here, you have to stop being sanctimonious and see a social group as it is: a naturally evolving being, playing out it's own story.frank

    To arrive where? Where are we going? Who’s being sanctimonious?

    A social group is a “naturally evolving being”? Where are we, in the forest primeval?
    We are surrounded by human decisions and the consequences. Are they natural or artificial?

    Is it a social variation of ‘survival of the fittest’? (social Darwinism).

    Thanks for your thread, could be interesting… :smile:
  • How May the Nature and Experience of Emotions Be Considered Philosophically?
    Personally I view emotions as akin to the other senses. In my count, there are 7 senses: the 5 traditional senses, the bodily sensations (pain, pleasure, heat, thirst, etc), and emotions. Notice that each is a phenomenal dimension orthogonal to all the others: content in one is incommunicable in terms of content in another.hypericin

    No ‘sixth sense’ as traditionally named? AKA, ESP (extra-sensory perception)?
  • How May the Nature and Experience of Emotions Be Considered Philosophically?
    I want to be biased - in favour of kindness in favour of care, and small birds, and this and that, tasty food, good music. I want to be angry when children die needlessly, I want to cry at all the terrible things humans do, and cry again for joy at all the beautiful things they do. I don't want to be some super chat robot.unenlightened

    :up: It’s difficult to go against our training to be machines, warriors, consumers, patriots etc, and actually think, feel and act like the higher primate mammals called homo sapiens.

    Sometimes I forget who we are and what we are supposed to be doing, despite efforts to the contrary.

    Maybe all of this is aeons-long learning process; even so we’re behind the learning curve.
  • How May the Nature and Experience of Emotions Be Considered Philosophically?

    Thanks, that helps me understand. :up:

    Feelings may fossilize over time into tendencies or biases.
    Recently, I did an online survey to find out if I had any biases present in my thinking.
    I was pleasantly surprised… thought that there would be even more:

    Reveal
    Only 1,251 of them! Better than 2 years ago. :joke:

    From Wikipedia:

    Anchoring bias

    Main article: Anchoring (cognitive bias)
    The anchoring bias, or focalism, is the tendency to rely too heavily—to "anchor"—on one trait or piece of information when making decisions (usually the first piece of information acquired on that subject).[11][12] Anchoring bias includes or involves the following:

    Common source bias, the tendency to combine or compare research studies from the same source, or from sources that use the same methodologies or data.[13]
    Conservatism bias, the tendency to insufficiently revise one's belief when presented with new evidence.[5][14][15]
    Functional fixedness, a tendency limiting a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used.[16]
    Law of the instrument, an over-reliance on a familiar tool or methods, ignoring or under-valuing alternative approaches. "If all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail."
    Apophenia
    edit
    Main article: Apophenia
    The tendency to perceive meaningful connections between unrelated things.[17] The following are types of apophenia:

    Clustering illusion, the tendency to overestimate the importance of small runs, streaks, or clusters in large samples of random data (that is, seeing phantom patterns).[12]
    Illusory correlation, a tendency to inaccurately perceive a relationship between two unrelated events.[18][19]
    Pareidolia, a tendency to perceive a vague and random stimulus (often an image or sound) as significant, e.g., seeing images of animals or faces in clouds, the man in the Moon, and hearing non-existent hidden messages on records played in reverse.
    Availability heuristic
    edit
    Main article: Availability heuristic
    The availability heuristic (also known as the availability bias) is the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of events with greater "availability" in memory, which can be influenced by how recent the memories are or how unusual or emotionally charged they may be.[20] The availability heuristic includes or involves the following:

    Anthropocentric thinking, the tendency to use human analogies as a basis for reasoning about other, less familiar, biological phenomena.[21]
    Anthropomorphism or personification, the tendency to characterize animals, objects, and abstract concepts as possessing human-like traits, emotions, and intentions.[22] The opposite bias, of not attributing feelings or thoughts to another person, is dehumanised perception,[23] a type of objectification.
    Attentional bias, the tendency of perception to be affected by recurring thoughts.[24]
    Frequency illusion or Baader–Meinhof phenomenon. The frequency illusion is that once something has been noticed then every instance of that thing is noticed, leading to the belief it has a high frequency of occurrence (a form of selection bias).[25] The Baader–Meinhof phenomenon is the illusion where something that has recently come to one's attention suddenly seems to appear with improbable frequency shortly afterwards.[26][27] It was named after an incidence of frequency illusion in which the Baader–Meinhof Group was mentioned.[28]
    Implicit association, where the speed with which people can match words depends on how closely they are associated.
    Salience bias, the tendency to focus on items that are more prominent or emotionally striking and ignore those that are unremarkable, even though this difference is often irrelevant by objective standards. See also von Restorff effect.
    Selection bias, which happens when the members of a statistical sample are not chosen completely at random, which leads to the sample not being representative of the population.
    Survivorship bias, which is concentrating on the people or things that "survived" some process and inadvertently overlooking those that did not because of their lack of visibility.
    Well travelled road effect, the tendency to underestimate the duration taken to traverse oft-travelled routes and overestimate the duration taken to traverse less familiar routes.
    Cognitive dissonance
    edit
    Main article: Cognitive dissonance
    Cognitive dissonance is the perception of contradictory information and the mental toll of it.

    Normalcy bias, a form of cognitive dissonance, is the refusal to plan for, or react to, a disaster which has never happened before.
    Effort justification is a person's tendency to attribute greater value to an outcome if they had to put effort into achieving it. This can result in more value being applied to an outcome than it actually has. An example of this is the IKEA effect, the tendency for people to place a disproportionately high value on objects that they partially assembled themselves, such as furniture from IKEA, regardless of the quality of the end product.[29]
    Ben Franklin effect, where a person who has performed a favor for someone is more likely to do another favor for that person than they would be if they had received a favor from that person.[30]
    Confirmation bias
    edit
    Main article: Confirmation bias
    Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, focus on and remember information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions.[31] There are multiple other cognitive biases which involve or are types of confirmation bias:

    Backfire effect, a tendency to react to disconfirming evidence by strengthening one's previous beliefs.[32]
    Congruence bias, the tendency to test hypotheses exclusively through direct testing, instead of testing possible alternative hypotheses.[12]
    Experimenter's or expectation bias, the tendency for experimenters to believe, certify, and publish data that agree with their expectations for the outcome of an experiment, and to disbelieve, discard, or downgrade the corresponding weightings for data that appear to conflict with those expectations.[33]
    Observer-expectancy effect, when a researcher expects a given result and therefore unconsciously manipulates an experiment or misinterprets data in order to find it (see also subject-expectancy effect).
    Selective perception, the tendency for expectations to affect perception.
    Semmelweis reflex, the tendency to reject new evidence that contradicts a paradigm.[15]
    Egocentric bias
    edit
    Main article: Egocentric bias
    Egocentric bias is the tendency to rely too heavily on one's own perspective and/or have a different perception of oneself relative to others.[34] The following are forms of egocentric bias:

    Bias blind spot, the tendency to see oneself as less biased than other people, or to be able to identify more cognitive biases in others than in oneself.[35]
    False consensus effect, the tendency for people to overestimate the degree to which others agree with them.[36]
    False uniqueness bias, the tendency of people to see their projects and themselves as more singular than they actually are.[37]
    Forer effect or Barnum effect, the tendency for individuals to give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored specifically for them, but are in fact vague and general enough to apply to a wide range of people. This effect can provide a partial explanation for the widespread acceptance of some beliefs and practices, such as astrology, fortune telling, graphology, and some types of personality tests.[38]
    Illusion of asymmetric insight, where people perceive their knowledge of their peers to surpass their peers' knowledge of them.[39]
    Illusion of control, the tendency to overestimate one's degree of influence over other external events.[40]
    Illusion of transparency, the tendency for people to overestimate the degree to which their personal mental state is known by others, and to overestimate how well they understand others' personal mental states.
    Illusion of validity, the tendency to overestimate the accuracy of one's judgments, especially when available information is consistent or inter-correlated.[41]
    Illusory superiority, the tendency to overestimate one's desirable qualities, and underestimate undesirable qualities, relative to other people. (Also known as "Lake Wobegon effect", "better-than-average effect", or "superiority bias".)[42]
    Naïve cynicism, expecting more egocentric bias in others than in oneself.
    Naïve realism, the belief that we see reality as it really is—objectively and without bias; that the facts are plain for all to see; that rational people will agree with us; and that those who do not are either uninformed, lazy, irrational, or biased.
    Overconfidence effect, a tendency to have excessive confidence in one's own answers to questions. For example, for certain types of questions, answers that people rate as "99% certain" turn out to be wrong 40% of the time.[5][43][44][45]
    Planning fallacy, the tendency for people to underestimate the time it will take them to complete a given task.[46]
    Restraint bias, the tendency to overestimate one's ability to show restraint in the face of temptation.
    Trait ascription bias, the tendency for people to view themselves as relatively variable in terms of personality, behavior, and mood while viewing others as much more predictable.
    Third-person effect, a tendency to believe that mass-communicated media messages have a greater effect on others than on themselves.
    Extension neglect
    edit
    Main article: Extension neglect
    The following are forms of extension neglect:

    Base rate fallacy or base rate neglect, the tendency to ignore general information and focus on information only pertaining to the specific case, even when the general information is more important.[47]
    Compassion fade, the tendency to behave more compassionately towards a small number of identifiable victims than to a large number of anonymous ones.[48]
    Conjunction fallacy, the tendency to assume that specific conditions are more probable than a more general version of those same conditions.[49]
    Duration neglect, the neglect of the duration of an episode in determining its value.[50]
    Hyperbolic discounting, where discounting is the tendency for people to have a stronger preference for more immediate payoffs relative to later payoffs. Hyperbolic discounting leads to choices that are inconsistent over time—people make choices today that their future selves would prefer not to have made, despite using the same reasoning.[51] Also known as current moment bias or present bias, and related to Dynamic inconsistency. A good example of this is a study showed that when making food choices for the coming week, 74% of participants chose fruit, whereas when the food choice was for the current day, 70% chose chocolate.
    Insensitivity to sample size, the tendency to under-expect variation in small samples.
    Less-is-better effect, the tendency to prefer a smaller set to a larger set judged separately, but not jointly.
    Neglect of probability, the tendency to completely disregard probability when making a decision under uncertainty.[52]
    Scope neglect or scope insensitivity, the tendency to be insensitive to the size of a problem when evaluating it. For example, being willing to pay as much to save 2,000 children or 20,000 children.
    Zero-risk bias, the preference for reducing a small risk to zero over a greater reduction in a larger risk.
    False priors
    edit
    Learn more
    This section needs expansion with: more of its biases. You can help by adding to it. (July 2023)
    False priors are initial beliefs and knowledge which interfere with the unbiased evaluation of factual evidence and lead to incorrect conclusions. Biases based on false priors include:

    Agent detection bias, the inclination to presume the purposeful intervention of a sentient or intelligent agent.
    Automation bias, the tendency to depend excessively on automated systems which can lead to erroneous automated information overriding correct decisions.[53]
    Gender bias, a widespread[54] set of implicit biases that discriminate against a gender. For example, the assumption that women are less suited to jobs requiring high intellectual ability.[55][failed verification] Or the assumption that people or animals are male in the absence of any indicators of gender.[56]
    Sexual overperception bias, the tendency to overestimate sexual interest of another person in oneself, and sexual underperception bias, the tendency to underestimate it.
    Stereotyping, expecting a member of a group to have certain characteristics without having actual information about that individual.
    Framing effect
    edit
    Main article: Framing effect (psychology)
    The framing effect is the tendency to draw different conclusions from the same information, depending on how that information is presented. Forms of the framing effect include:

    Contrast effect, the enhancement or reduction of a certain stimulus's perception when compared with a recently observed, contrasting object.[57]
    Decoy effect, where preferences for either option A or B change in favor of option B when option C is presented, which is completely dominated by option B (inferior in all respects) and partially dominated by option A.[58]
    Default effect, the tendency to favor the default option when given a choice between several options.[59]
    Denomination effect, the tendency to spend more money when it is denominated in small amounts (e.g., coins) rather than large amounts (e.g., bills).[60]
    Distinction bias, the tendency to view two options as more dissimilar when evaluating them simultaneously than when evaluating them separately.[61]
    Domain neglect bias, the tendency to neglect relevant domain knowledge while solving interdisciplinary problems.[62]
    Logical fallacy
    edit
    Main article: Fallacy
    Berkson's paradox, the tendency to misinterpret statistical experiments involving conditional probabilities.[63]
    Escalation of commitment, irrational escalation, or sunk cost fallacy, where people justify increased investment in a decision, based on the cumulative prior investment, despite new evidence suggesting that the decision was probably wrong.
    G. I. Joe fallacy, the tendency to think that knowing about cognitive bias is enough to overcome it.[64]
    Gambler's fallacy, the tendency to think that future probabilities are altered by past events, when in reality they are unchanged. The fallacy arises from an erroneous conceptualization of the law of large numbers. For example, "I've flipped heads with this coin five times consecutively, so the chance of tails coming out on the sixth flip is much greater than heads."[65]
    Hot-hand fallacy (also known as "hot hand phenomenon" or "hot hand"), the belief that a person who has experienced success with a random event has a greater chance of further success in additional attempts.
    Plan continuation bias, failure to recognize that the original plan of action is no longer appropriate for a changing situation or for a situation that is different from anticipated.[66]
    Subadditivity effect, the tendency to judge the probability of the whole to be less than the probabilities of the parts.[67]
    Time-saving bias, a tendency to underestimate the time that could be saved (or lost) when increasing (or decreasing) from a relatively low speed, and to overestimate the time that could be saved (or lost) when increasing (or decreasing) from a relatively high speed.
    Zero-sum bias, where a situation is incorrectly perceived to be like a zero-sum game (i.e., one person gains at the expense of another).
    Prospect theory
    edit
    Main article: Prospect theory
    The following relate to prospect theory:

    Ambiguity effect, the tendency to avoid options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown.[68]
    Disposition effect, the tendency to sell an asset that has accumulated in value and resist selling an asset that has declined in value.
    Dread aversion, just as losses yield double the emotional impact of gains, dread yields double the emotional impact of savouring.[69][70]
    Endowment effect, the tendency for people to demand much more to give up an object than they would be willing to pay to acquire it.[71]
    Loss aversion, where the perceived disutility of giving up an object is greater than the utility associated with acquiring it.[72] (see also Sunk cost fallacy)
    Pseudocertainty effect, the tendency to make risk-averse choices if the expected outcome is positive, but make risk-seeking choices to avoid negative outcomes.[73]
    Status quo bias, the tendency to prefer things to stay relatively the same.[74][75]
    System justification, the tendency to defend and bolster the status quo. Existing social, economic, and political arrangements tend to be preferred, and alternatives disparaged, sometimes even at the expense of individual and collective self-interest.
    Self-assessment
    edit
    Dunning–Kruger effect, the tendency for unskilled individuals to overestimate their own ability and the tendency for experts to underestimate their own ability.[76]
    Hot-cold empathy gap, the tendency to underestimate the influence of visceral drives on one's attitudes, preferences, and behaviors.[77]
    Hard–easy effect, the tendency to overestimate one's ability to accomplish hard tasks, and underestimate one's ability to accomplish easy tasks.[5][78][79][80]
    Illusion of explanatory depth, the tendency to believe that one understands a topic much better than one actually does.[81][82] The effect is strongest for explanatory knowledge, whereas people tend to be better at self-assessments for procedural, narrative, or factual knowledge.[82][83]
    Impostor Syndrome, a psychological occurrence in which an individual doubts their skills, talents, or accomplishments and has a persistent internalized fear of being exposed as a fraud. Also known as impostor phenomenon.[84]
    Objectivity illusion, the phenomena where people tend to believe that they are more objective and unbiased than others. This bias can apply to itself – where people are able to see when others are affected by the objectivity illusion, but unable to see it in themselves. See also bias blind spot.[85]

    :nerd:
  • How May the Nature and Experience of Emotions Be Considered Philosophically?
    Is it to be expected that there will be much, or anything, common to all emotions?

    It does seem to me that I discover my emotional condition from outside. When someone says "I feel angry", they might do so with sadness, or with surprise as often as they say it angrily. The tone of the discussion is thus far neutral to the point almost of indifference, as if emotion is too near, even for the most myopic self observer to bring into focus. Rather as one has to take off one's spectacles to see whether they are rose tinted or some other colour.
    unenlightened

    Interesting… could you please explain more. I think you are perhaps referring to a person’s judgement of their emotions? Thus diving deeper into their identity, worldview, ethics, etc…

    Or maybe the opposite: the feelings stand alone and ‘speak for themselves’?

    As the old joke has it, when two psychologists meet on the the street one says to the other, "How am I?" - "You're fine, how am I?" That's not much of a bridge over troubled water, is it?

    Is it even possible - and this is a heresy - but has philosophy any business to have a view at all? Might one not be just slightly inclined to tell Sophia to butt out of one's sensibilities and mind her own business?
    unenlightened

    More delightful turns of phrases!
    It’s like the whipped cream and sprinkles on top of the coffee! :grin: :ok:
    (But I’m not brave enough to tell Sophia to “butt out!” She’d clobber me! :sweat: )
  • How May the Nature and Experience of Emotions Be Considered Philosophically?
    I find Matthew Ratcliffe’s work to be among the best of the current crop of writings on affectivity, mood and emotion. He combines the phenomenological work of Sartre, Husserl and Heidegger, the Pragmatism of James and Dewey and cognitive enactivist approaches like that of Evan Thompson.Joshs

    Interesting! Thanks. :up: I hadn’t heard of him. Any suggestions for a starting point in his writing?
    This book looks like an interesting combo of philosophy and psychology.
    (Couldn’t find a Wikipedia page about him… )
  • How May the Nature and Experience of Emotions Be Considered Philosophically?
    They aren't made of anything. In the sense that walking isn't made of legs.fdrake

    Haha… great line!
    (I’m still internally debating the question it was answering… but I appreciate a good turn of phrase).
  • What is love?
    Yet this Sufi understanding of love would then be entirely contingent on what one makes of, else how one interprets, the term “God”. For instance, if "God" is understood in a more Brahman-like way, then a mutually shared romantic love (with its erotic sex included) will be one aspect of love thus understood.javra

    Thanks for your reply! :smile:

    I’m not a Sufi or expert, but I’ll go out on a limb and say that at the height of the experience, the Sufi merges with love, with the All.
    They probably could get philosophical in quiet moments, and explain it in concepts.
    But the being and experience seem primary, as I understand it.

    But yes, a merging with the beloved that beyond sexual and personal seems to be a goal.

    At any rate, the video presents what is to me a pleasant alternative to the often-touted motif that one ought to have “fear of God”. Love as longing for unity with God, as the Sufis can be said to hold, and, on the other hand, the need to constantly hold a fear of God will generally lead to two very disparate and in many ways contradictory worldviews. (Via a very rough analogy, loving one's parent is a very different form of respect than that which occurs via fearing one's parent.)javra

    Yes, well said! :up:

    Apropos, what then do you make of the proposition that "love obliterates ego in due measure with it's strength"? Otherwise stated, that one looses oneself with the attribute of love in due measure to the love's strength. This furthermore varying with the type of love addressed.javra

    Perhaps when the love is strong, it makes one forget any feelings of separation and loneliness?
    Rumi must have written a poem about it! Lol.

    As a side issue…
    I wonder if these Sufi practices and methods could be modified(?) to suit someone not comfortable with the whole ‘God thing’, which is understandable and common.
    Buddhist meditation does not need to have a deity to focus on.

    Maybe one could say they are seeking and (hopefully) merging with Pure Love, or something.

    Who couldn’t use a little transcendence now and then?
  • What is love?
    Thought this video might be appropriate here. I enjoyed and was inspired by it.

    (Spoiler alert: the video refers to certain practices that may strike some individuals as being quite religious or even spiritual. For those, viewer discretion is advised. :snicker: )


  • The Great Controversy


    Excellent. Thanks! :smile:
  • The Great Controversy
    I am glad I just watched an explanation of a map of life and an explanation of Socrates's cave because that leads to me seeing so much more in your explanation than I would have seen an hour ago, before the philosophy video I just watched. You did a very good job of picturing the concepts and how they work together.Athena

    Thanks, and thank you for starting this thread.

    What was the “explanation of a map of life” you mentioned?