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  • Monism
    Mind could come from body if the mind is a pattern of body. Here, for example, genes or mental ideas are patterns of chemicals that are more than the chemicals themselves. In one sense the pattern is material, in another sense the pattern is immaterial. If a person suffers concussion, the brain is the same matter as before, but the mind is different. The pattern has been corrupted. I suppose this is a type of substance monism.
  • Classical Art
    A few people above have said that there is no "wrong" in art. Well, I have been wandering around the art galleries in Europe for a bit and I saw plenty of "wrong". Most of the early stuff was religious art and the most common by far was Madonna and child. Here the infant Christ always looked very mature and all knowing - nothing like a real baby at all. The crucifixtion varied widely in setting and costume, particularly the costumes of the soldiers. Every scene was unique to the imagination of the individual artist. But worst were the Genesis pictures of Adam and Eve with their improbable fig leaves: they all had belly buttons!!!
  • What are some good laymen books on philosophy?
    A lot of people have their own websites these days where their ideas are summarised.
    Drek, Amity, Not, do you have your own websites? And books you like? Maybe a list would be good.

    Mine is evolution-path.org
  • Atheism is far older than Christianity
    If we accept that homo sapiens are about 200,000 thousand years old and religions about 4000 years, then we have been atheists for 98 percent of our past before religions. How did religions come?

    “There have been countless religions most of which are now extinct. Imagine a village in earlier times with no religion. How could a religion start? A particular idea, like “there is a spirit of crops” thought up in the mind of one person would have a good chance of success. This idea might be built upon with “a prayer is needed to appease this spirit and ensure that our crops are successful”. As this prayer would only take a little time to perform, the village might pray rather than risk losing their crops. In this case the prayer idea has addressed the genetic fear of hunger. The person who thinks up this idea might gain status in the eyes of the other villagers and so there is a reason to spreading it. New ideas do not have to be true, they only have to be believed. The ritual for the protection of the crops must only be seen, from the villagers’ eye-views, to protect the crops. If the crops are generally successful, then praying will “save” the crops in the majority of cases. On the occasion that it does not, there is always the opportunity to say that the prayers were not sufficient or correctly done. Sometime later another person may say that a place for the spirit is needed and so a house is set aside for worship. People may begin to meet there. Maybe the crop spirit is thought to reside in the house, and so on. As the religion evolves, morals and rules of behaviour are included. The new religion now provides a frame of reference through which the world can be viewed. Over time, a priest class will evolve to ensure the correct following of the religious ideas. By a process of addition and modification, the religion will evolve and mature.” (evolution-path.org 2014).

    The most important point here is “New ideas do not have to be true, they only have to be believed”. From what I have seen of human nature, people will believe almost anything and so we have today a set of religions full of stories and events many of which can not possible be true. This is a problem. The problem is compounded as humans are creatures of habit (a main theme in the stories of Somerset Maugham) and so they are reluctant to let go of these fantasies. For example, the idea that you don’t die when you really do die (heaven) is a comfortable one so why would a person give it up? But the retention of these fanciful ideas in religions retard the progress of science. What can be done about it?