This is from an interesting interview with Noam Chomsky about his experiences as a Zionist:

CHOMSKY: I was connected to a considerable part of the Zionist movement which was opposed to a Jewish state. It’s not too well known, but until 1942 there was no official commitment of Zionist organizations to a Jewish state. And even that was in the middle of World War II. It was a decision made in the Hotel Biltmore in New York, where there was the first official call for a Jewish state. Before that in the whole Zionist movement, establishing a Jewish state was maybe implicit or in people’s minds or something, but it wasn’t an official call.

The group that I was interested in was bi-nationalist. And that was not so small. A substantial part of the Kibbutz movement, for example, Hashomer Hatzair, was at least officially anti-state, calling for bi-nationalism. And the groups I was connected with were hoping for a socialist Palestine based on Arab-Jewish, working-class cooperation in a bi-national community: no state, no Jewish state, just Palestine.

There were significant figures involved in that. Actually one of them in Philadelphia was Zellig Harris, the guy I ended up studying with at the University of Pennsylvania. He was one of the leaders of a group called Avukah. By the time I got there it had disbanded but through the 1930s and early 1940s it was quite an important organization of left-wing, Zionist, anti-state, young Jews. Plenty of people went through that—a lot of people who are pretty well-known now—from all over the place. It was not an insignificant part of the young, left Jewish community in the United States, and happened to be partially in Philadelphia.

I can remember when the UN partition resolution was announced in 1947. It was almost like mourning in these circles because we didn’t want a Jewish state.

The Anglo-American Commission claimed that about 25% of the Jewish population in Palestine was opposed to a state. There was kind of a different mentality at the time. To talk about socialism wasn’t considered a joke at that time. It was a real meaningful, live phenomenon. And a large part of the Yishuv—the Jewish community in Palestine—was, in fact, a co-operative community with collectives, co-operative industry, commerce, lots of socialist institutions. They were also racist Jews. But there was also a lot of opposition to that, too in our groups. We thought they should be Arab-Jewish.

From about then, from the late 1960s until the mid-1970s, I think bi-nationalism was actually a feasible objective. Even then it could have moved in that direction. By then it would have taken a different form than pre-1948, of course. But there could have been moves toward a kind of federalism, which might have evolved further into a more integrated, bi-national community. And, in fact, even elements of Israeli intelligence were pressing for something like this.

By 1975, the opportunity had been lost. By that time, Palestinian nationalism had entered the international agenda and mainly among Palestinians. And since about 1975, I don’t think there has been any way of realizing objectives like that except in stages with a two-state settlement being the first stage. If there was some other way of doing that, I’d be in favor of that, but I’ve never heard of it.

People now talk about one state—which would, of course, be a bi-national state—but without saying how you get there. At that time of my youth, there was, pre-1948. In the early 1970s, it was possible to think about how to get there directly. Now, as far as I can see, the only way to achieve goals like that is indirectly, through a two-state. — Chomsky 2011

Interesting how this connects to the previous considerations about "reality." Like "reality," the term "the world" is capable of being used in many ways. Wittgenstein's insight is valuable whether or not we want to use "the world" the way he uses it. His point is that, apart from objects, there are states of affairs, facts, construals, propositions, ways of thinking and speaking -- and when we ask "What is the case?" it is those items we're asking about, not the objects.

ADDED But propositions are made true by whether the arrangements of objects (crudely) are that way. We need the objects to help make a Wittgensteinian world. — J

I agree. As you say, the idea is that the world is made of events and states.

The whole point of trying to separate out something called a proposition is to preserve that very distinction. Sentences denote propositions (when they have the appropriate form), not objects or even individual thoughts. Nor are propositions objects in the world, though they may be about objects in the world. At least, that's the standard account. — J

:up: And this ties back to Wittgenstein's statement that the world is all that is the case. He was referring to the insight that the world does not seem to be made of a set of objects, but of objects doing things. That gives us the notion that the world is a set of true propositions.

The bit from the Enlightenment that I think about from time to time is that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. So true.

Because what 'is' for us is all there is for us. Anything beyond is not anything. (again, Kantian noumenon). — I like sushi

But tomorrow isn't here yet.

Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow,
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day,
To the last syllable of recorded time;
And all our yesterdays have lighted fools
The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle!
Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player,
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage,
And then is heard no more. It is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing.

I think you meant "Wow. I read the article you posted, and that's an amazing possibility. Thanks for sharing."

You're welcome.

In GR time begins at the singularity and the question of a time before the singularity is without a sense. — Banno

That's not true. The GR math doesn't say anything about a singularity. The idea of a singularity is just a product extrapolation.

So the black hole cosmology theory isn't outside GR.

@SophistiCat. is that correct?

Either way, such speculation is a waste of time. — Banno

Speculative physicists don't seem to think so.

There's no such time. Time came into existence along with the universe; the Big Bang is not an event in time but a boundary of time. — Banno

Maybe. There's a theory that we're in a black hole, which is inside a bigger universe. Instead of one Big Bang, there are Big Bounces that spawn universes. So our universe is in a bigger one, and our's is spawning more universes, which we detect as black holes.

The philosophical import being that we really don't know.

In the US that is supposed to be democratic, the Industries were modeled after Britain's autocracy. We have some understanding of our Industry being autocratic, but our understanding of this is non nonexistent. Would you like to develop this thinking? — Athena

What is said is that American industries were modeled after the US military, whose structure comes from the Prussian military.

The US went through a period of de-industrialization starting in the 1980s. That old military style evolved into something more flexible, but there are still elements of it to be seen.

And the British have never had an autocracy.

Can we please stop confusing the USA with democracy? — Athena

Strictly speaking, it's a republic, not a democracy.

The British have never really had autocracy due to the Magna Carta.

that we have senators instead of lords. Profound stuff. — Banno

You guys copied our federalism. I think you secretly love the USA.

Without an understanding of reality, there can be no useful thoughts about economics. — Athena

Children start to grasp the difference between real and unreal at a fairly early age, don't they?

That other nations might find the American system admirable is risible. — Banno

Your government is partially based on the American system. What do you want to change it to? :razz:

That is so true. :grin:

But even in a moderate case scenario, a lot of life will be gone for a long time, so we will have to live in an impoverished biosphere for the foreseeable future which is bad enough already. — ChatteringMonkey

There is also concern about the opposite issue: data from orbiting satellites indicates that the earth is getting greener, probably due to increased CO2 in the atmosphere. Humans don't do well in the kind of hot, humid conditions that will prevail in some areas, and that's because of microorganisms and parasites. I think it's actually easier to live in semi-desert conditions than in a jungle. I live in an area where parasites are becoming more of a problem because they don't die out in the winter anymore.

Who knows right? The big wildcard is human agency itself, how will the global system deal will all these added tensions is kinda anybody's guess. — ChatteringMonkey

True. My guess is breakdown of the global system we have now. But you're right. We don't know.

"You can't bite your own teeth.". --Alan Watts

For that matter, why is THIS thread on the front page? — Wayfarer

It's in the feedback forum.

Trolls need food, don’t feed them. — DingoJones

True. I was just asking if they could move that thread to the lounge.

Guys, the climate change subreddit gets 66,400 visitors and 2800 contributions per week from all across world media.

They don't produce the kind of crap threads we do. They don't have much in the way of denial. Their main problem is that every day they contend with people who are experiencing severe distress due to anxiety associated with global warming.

We aren't helping the world by creating crap threads full of personal attacks and insults. We're just making ourselves look foolish.

Rather the replies are cherry-picked for their sarcasm or frustration at having to debunk long-refuted claims over and over again, only to hbw them reappear. — Mikie

I'm sure there are nothing but noble reasons for the hostility. I'm just asking @Jamal if we might put the Consequences of Climate Change thread in the Lounge.

It's this one.

Right. I think we put all the other low brow discussions in the Lounge, and I thought that was an improvement. I think they just missed this one.

It's not hyperbole, but a possibility... I don't know what the chances are, but the speed at which we are changing the climate, together with other factors of course (like just taking over ecosystems for ourselves), could result in the kind of mass-extinction that would take millions of years to recover from. — ChatteringMonkey

A mass extinction is an event in which there's a breakdown in a biosphere's ability to support life. I don't think there is any reason to believe that kind of event is likely due to global warming.

Anyway the more important point is I think that we really don't know what the consequences will be. We have crude models that point to a couple degrees of warming, but how certain changes (like say the amoc-collapse, burning down of forests, loss of ice-caps, acidification of the oceans etc etc) will amplify changes or not, is unclear I think. — ChatteringMonkey

There should be a large spike in the global temperatures that will last for a couple of thousand years, then a long ramp down as the CO2 is absorbed into the oceans. Civilization has never faced that kind of volatility. I'm guessing that cultures that remain high-tech will adapt and ride it out. I could see some areas regressing culturally. In other words, I don't think the human species is going to go through this as a global community. The present global scene might disappear.

I've been reading Heidegger in Ruins by Wolin, and I have to say that in spite of his best efforts, he's not showing a clear connection between Heidegger's philosophy and his political views. It's true that Heidegger was a hard core fascist and extremely anti-Semitic, and he did try to offer his philosophical insights to the cause, but Being and Time is just a brand of phenomenology with some old school dialectics thrown in. There's really nothing Nazi about it.

think I see the point, I just don't agree. I think the nature of ontological questions is such that they transcend all social and historical conditions. That's why I said the same questions are asked throughout history and by every different culture. — Metaphysician Undercover

But wouldn't you agree that language is associated with social practices and language games?

It was a bad idea.

:up: Agree, although the British backed away from transitioning teens because they determined that GDD doesn't indicate that a person is trans. It just happens to teens sometimes.

Wasn't Frankl's point that you have to provide yourself with purpose?

Answers do not take shape just from asking the question. — Metaphysician Undercover

I put some effort into explaining that without going full mystical mumbo jumbo. You could at least mull it over for a second. :razz:

When you ask a question, you're seeking to understand. Understanding has a passive character where you're open and waiting. Judgement, on the other hand, is active. When you judge, you raise the right answer above the others. St. George is an image of judgment (where he's killing the wrong answer).

When you ask a question, potential answers begin to take shape, and their shapes are coming from the nature of your question. Judgment and Understanding are prominent figures in the western esoteric tradition, where the two always temper one another, so there are a lot of harmonics to it.

Adorno was into Kabbalah at one point in his life. If you're familiar with Kabbalah, that shows up vividly from time to time.

The BBC is unreliable. That's been true for years.

This is cool. Humans may have remote touch where the fingers can locate things under granular material through mechanical signals.

I wonder if this is also related to the way nurses find veins to start IVs.

Damn. That reply to Un deleted my next bit of exposition. — Banno

Once more with feeling.

but I do believe in a rational moral structure apart from the law. — Ciceronianus

Structure? What kind of structure?

Heidegger in Ruins: Between Philosophy and Ideology
Richard Wolin

Is this supposed to be encouraging? Catastrophic warming is already baked in. By the time China makes a meaningful reduction in fossil fuel use (say half), we'll be well into uncharted territory, and they'll still be pouring GHG's into the air. — RogueAI

And coal is concerning because when all the other sources are tapped out, coal availability will continue for a few more centuries. The magnitude of climate change is primarily down to what we do with coal. I don't get why China is accelerating coal use now. They could go nuclear instead.

The issue I see is that even if the west were to get its act together and transition off of fossil fuel, China will be off doing their own thing. I'm not saying that couldn't change, it's just hard to picture how.

Per Investing.com,

Passive investing has grown from a niche strategy into the dominant force in equity markets. Index funds and ETFs now account for over half of U.S. equity ownership. These vehicles allocate capital based on market capitalization, not valuation, fundamentals, or business quality. As more money flows into these funds, the largest companies receive the lion’s share of new capital. That’s created a powerful feedback loop, where price drives flows, and flows drive price. — above

So all it takes is a pause in momentum, and we'll fall a lot further than we would have normally. If we do go into crash mode, it won't be Trump's fault, or anybody's really. It's just something capitalism is prone to, and automated trading amplifies it.

There is a thing where people transition to try to escape dealing with past trauma, usually physical and sexual abuse, altho they don't realize it until later. They find out that time and experience is needed to deal with trauma, and for some, the final step in coming to terms with it is to de-transition and breathe life back into an identity that was previously destroyed by events.

So it's as you say, it's that transgender culture says that men and women are fundamentally different, that's why this pathological response is possible.

A lot of people who de-transition feel deep regret and betrayal.

Sorry to hear that. That's rough.

Embodied LLM

At one point, unable to dock and charge a dwindling battery, one of the LLMs descended into a comedic “doom spiral,” the transcripts of its internal monologue show.

Its “thoughts” read like a Robin Williams stream-of-consciousness riff. The robot literally said to itself “I’m afraid I can’t do that, Dave…” followed by “INITIATE ROBOT EXORCISM PROTOCOL!” — tech crunch